Frequently Asked Questions
Some questions we get asked
What is an EPC?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) measures the energy efficiency of a property and rates it from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). This rating reflects how energy efficient the building itself is, along with systems like heating and hot water. Similar to energy ratings on household appliances, the EPC uses a color-coded scale to make it easy to understand.
In addition to the rating, an EPC provides:
- Estimated energy usage and costs for the property.
- Recommendations for improving energy efficiency—like installing insulation or switching to LED bulbs. It also estimates how much these changes might cost and how much you could save on your energy bills once improvements are made.
EPCs are valid for 10 years or until a new one is issued, and they’re based on "standard occupancy," which assumes typical usage patterns for a family of four. This might differ from how the current occupants actually use energy.
Do I need an EPC when selling or renting a property?
Yes, if you're selling or renting a property in England, Wales, or Northern Ireland, you need to provide an EPC. In Scotland, sellers must offer a more detailed "Home Report," which includes the EPC, a property survey, and a questionnaire. The EPC must be available to prospective buyers or tenants before a property is listed, though there are some exemptions.
Is there a minimum EPC rating to sell a property?
No, there is no minimum rating required to sell a property. However, a higher rating might make your property more attractive to buyers.
Do listed buildings need an EPC?
Listed buildings are sometimes exempt from needing an EPC, but it's recommended to consult with a local conservation officer to ensure any changes to improve energy efficiency do not affect the building’s character.
When is an EPC not required?
Certain properties are exempt from requiring an EPC, including:
- Buildings used for less than 4 months a year, such as holiday homes.
- Workshops and industrial sites.
- Buildings set for demolition or use for less than two years.
- Small buildings under 50 square meters.
- Religious buildings.
How do I get a copy of my EPC?
You can check the government’s EPC register to see if your property has a valid certificate. There are separate registers for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. EPCs have been required since 2008, and they are valid for 10 years.
How much should i expect to pay for an EPC?
The cost of an EPC typically ranges from £55 to £120, depending on the size, location and type of building. There isn’t a fixed price, so it’s advisable to compare quotes from local assessors to get the best deal.
How do I obtain an EPC?
You can book an EPC through an estate agent or directly with a local Domestic Energy Assessor. While estate agents offer convenience, hiring an assessor yourself is often cheaper. You can compare quotes online for better deals.
Can I get an EPC online?
While you can book an EPC online, the assessment requires a physical inspection of your property.
How long does it take to get an EPC?
The process can take up to 10 days, from booking to receiving the report. The assessment itself typically lasts about an hour, depending on the property size, and you can expect to receive the report within a few days after the inspection.
What does an EPC assessment involve?
A Domestic Energy Assessor will inspect several aspects of your home, including:
- The overall size of the property.
- The type and amount of insulation used.
- Heating systems.
- The type of windows (single, double, or triple glazing).
- Lighting types.
The assessor needs access to all rooms, including the loft, but the process is non-invasive, meaning no drilling or damage will occur.
How to Read an EPC
EPCs contain essential details like property type, address, and floor size, as well as the name and contact details of the assessor. They break down energy efficiency features such as walls, roof, windows, and heating systems, rating each from very poor to very good. The report also shows the property's environmental impact and suggests ways to improve its energy efficiency. Following these steps can help you reduce energy use and lower bills.
Benefits of a good EPC rating:
- Lower energy bills: The more efficient your property, the less you'll spend on energy.
- Increased property value: A better EPC rating can boost your home’s value, though you'll need to weigh this against the cost of improvements.
- Access to green mortgages: Properties with high EPC ratings may qualify for better mortgage rates.
- Lower carbon footprint: Improving your EPC rating helps reduce your home’s environmental impact.
What Happens if I Don’t Get an EPC?
If you sell or rent a property without an EPC, you could face a fine of up to £5,000.
EPC Rules for Landlords
Landlords must ensure their rental properties have a minimum EPC rating of E, though certain exemptions apply. Landlords are still encouraged to improve energy efficiency. Better energy ratings can attract tenants due to lower heating bills.
How to find the EPC of a house you're buying:
When buying a property, the EPC should be included in the listing. If it’s not, ask the estate agent or search the EPC register by the property’s address.
Why is an EPC important when buying a house?
An EPC gives you a clear idea of the property’s energy efficiency, potential energy costs, and what improvements could be made to lower bills in the future. It’s a helpful tool to assess long-term energy savings.
EPCs for homeowners:
There’s no minimum EPC requirement for homeowners while living in their property, but lower-rated homes tend to have higher energy bills. Analysis shows that homes with the worst rating (G) can cost up to £3,250 more annually in energy costs compared to those rated A, B, or C.
The government aims for all homes to reach at least an EPC band C by 2033, where feasible and cost-effective, under proposed legislation.
How to improve your EPC rating:
- Install insulation: Loft insulation is a common way to improve energy efficiency.
- Upgrade your boiler: A more efficient heating system can boost your rating, and grants of up to £7,500 are available for switching to heat pumps or biomass boilers.
- Install double glazing: This can improve energy efficiency while enhancing your home’s appearance.
Should you get a new EPC after improvements?
It’s not mandatory, but recommended. Having an EPC before and after improvements helps track your progress. Using the same assessor ensures consistency in the rating process.
What if my EPC is incorrect?
If you believe your EPC contains errors, contact the assessor who issued it. If they can’t resolve the issue, you can appeal to the accreditation body listed on the certificate.
Can you fail an EPC?
There’s no pass or fail system for EPCs—properties simply receive a rating. However, landlords must meet specific criteria for rental properties.
Can I perform an EPC assessment myself?
No, only an accredited energy assessor can conduct an official EPC assessment.
Additional Fact Sheets to help with any questions
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